The North and South Poles, were they once in their present place?

ost of us perhaps don't imagine that the organization, even the face of the Earth could have been different. How can we actually imagine that North and South Poles weren't in the same place as now? But if the poles were not at the present location, where would they have been? Are there still traces and other indications of the location the poles could have occupied at the time? Among these signs and indications there would be certainly ancient navigation maps. There is, on the other hand, other indirect evidence, which might tell us if the North and South Poles have been displaced, and these clues could also give us an idea of the direction and distance of the move. It might also be possible to determine at what time the displacement of poles would have happened.

The mammoths were frozen with their bodies left intact.

It was in Siberia in 1799, that the famous mammoth Adam, which we can admire today in Zoological Museum of the Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg, was found in the delta of the Lena River. Later, in 1864, another well-preserved corpse was discovered on the Indigirka river in Siberia. The frozen corpse of mammoths still had the remnants of their fur and the contents of their stomachs. Then many other discoveries were made. In 1900, on the Kolyma river, a mammoth called Beresowka, and 1977 on the Juribei river in Siberia, all frozen in the ice for about 10'000 years. Many other bodies of mammoths have been found until today in the Siberian permafrost and Alaska. Most of the mammoths seem to have lived for about 40'000 years until 10'000 years before Christ. The content of the stomachs of these dead bodies, well preserved in ice, showed that the woolly mammoths were mainly fed by grasses and to a lesser extent, the branches of willows and larches. In the stomach of the Indigirka mammoth, branches of pine trees had been found next to the herbs. It seems that dogs and wolves would have eaten their frozen meat without any adverse or side effects, but we cannot prove that the rumor, citing people in Siberia, scientists and explorers who would have consumed the frozen mammoth, to be truthful. Obviously, the mammoths were frozen in a quick manner, without that their flesh had time to deteriorate and even stomach contents hadn't been digested in many cases. It's like if you had putted these mammoths alive in a freezing room of today, the death by freezing that followed were a matter of hours. These rapid freezing were not isolated cases, but they seem to have been linked to a global event.

Siberia and Alaska had an climate corresponding to a latitude of 1'500 km further south, Europe and North America had a climate corresponding to a latitude of 1'500 km further north.

There are today, as we saw above, an unexplained difference between the food found in stomachs of the mammoths and the current Siberian climate. We can see that the mammoths were frozen alive and that the food found in their stomachs doesn't correspond at all to the climate of today. The food of mammoths certainly corresponded to vegetation of steppe and tundra, with grasses, willows, pines and larches. This vegetation, however, could not now exist there. To find the region where this vegetation could currently exist, we should go at least a thousand kilometers further south. If we look at the map of this region, we find that the area of 90° to 170° East is currently beyond the Arctic Circle and with a climate where the permafrost, frozen to a depth of several hundred meters reigns supreme. It's as unlikely to have willows there then have palms on the Moon. The mammoths could therefore not have eaten there what was found in their stomachs. Today it's a fact that we would seek such a climate, corresponding to that vegetation, rather between the 55^th and 60^th parallel and so at about 1'500 km to the south.

The area of 50° to 90° West, which is compared to Siberia at the opposite side of the North Pole, is so far perfectly inhabitable and there we grow even cereals and other foods. While at the same time, where Siberia was visibly warmer, eastern America and eastern Canada were covered with a layer of ice of several thousand meters. The area of 50° to 90° West clearly had a climate that correspond to that which today is well beyond the polar circle and thus to a climate of approximately 1'500 km further north. Carrying out an inspection on a map of the Earth seen from the North Pole, we can see that these two areas mentioned above, are each on the opposite side of the North Pole. It's as if, at the time, the North Pole had to be found somewhere on the continent of Greenland.

The inclination of the axis of rotation of the Earth is not the same as the orbital inclination of the Moon. (difference ± 18°)

We all know that the inclination of the axis of rotation of the Earth is 23.45°, but how many of us know how to what this angle has been compared? Then the orbit that the Earth travels around the Sun is slightly elliptical and it's in relation to this orbit that we have specified this angle. It's for this reason that the sun heats the north a little more than the south one half of the year, and the other way around the other half of the year, creating as such the seasons. We also know that the Moon orbits the Earth and the Moon also has a orbital plane. The orbital plane of the Moon, however, has an angle of 5.14° with respect to the orbital plane of the Earth around the Sun. We can of course ask the interest of this fact, but it's sufficient to subtract these two values to obtain the difference of 18.31°. We see later here that we find this angle also elsewhere. We may also ask why the inclination of the axis of rotation of the Earth isn't closer to 5.14° instead of 23.45° now. The effect of the tides caused by the Moon orbiting around the Earth should have lead to an effect of synchronization, as the one which resulted in that he always turns the same face to Earth. This synchronizing effect should have led over millions of years through the intervening effect of the tides, so that the axis of rotation of the earth comes very close to the inclination of the orbital plane of the Moon. We can, in despite the protests of some scientists consider that this angle of rotation has been changed fairly recently in geological terms, not allowing enough time for this synchronization to be done again.

The center of the ice cap of 12'000 years ago reveals a difference of 12° to 20° with the North Pole.

We all know that the ice cap of 12'000 years ago was not centered on the current North Pole, but had shown a shift towards one side. We also know that glaciers have existed until the 50th parallel in Europe and the Americas. This ice was came not below a limit well above the Arctic Circle on the opposite side. Ie, the side of Siberia and on the west side of Alaska. What is strange with this ice cap is that the center appears to lie somewhere on the continent of Greenland. The center of the ice of 12'000 years ago seems to have been a shift in the same order of magnitude as the climate shift. Of course, science today has found an explanation, in fact there are many theories, but nobody has ever thought of considering a shift of the poles. We can also ask ourselves how to explain, taking into account the current geographical situation, the fact that Europe and the Americas had been colder than at the same time that Siberia was warmer than now. In addition, we should also take into account that the Earth's climate of 12'000 years ago was on average three to five degrees colder, which explains a very little a warmer Siberia.

Abrupt warming of Greenland:

Another indication was found by researchers at the University of Copenhagen. These researchers have conducted years of sampling of the ice on the continent of Greenland. They published then in 1995 the results of their interpretations of the temperature data over a period of the last 113'000 years. They have, in analyzing these data, found that the temperature of Greenland has experienced a sudden rise in temperature of at least twenty degrees around 9'500 years before Christ, in a relatively short period, one hundred years at most. The global world temperature, on the other hand, had increased by only a few degrees during a period of 10'000 years to 8'000 years before Christ, which is much longer and less abrupt than the rise of about twenty degrees over one hundred years only of the ice of Greenland.

This dramatic rise in temperature can be traced by using different methods of calculation, without this changes the final result. There is also no correlation between the Earth's average temperature at the time and the rising level of sea level. The rise of sea water seems to have a correlation with the rise of temperature in Greenland. Before seeking a solution to this complex phenomenon of the sharp rise in temperature of Greenland, we may ask ourselves whether this increase was not the result of a shift of the poles. Because a sudden movement of Greenland of up to 18° more to the south explains this increase better than any other theory.

Conclusion:

After reviewing these previous clues, we can perhaps answer the question: “The North and South Poles, were they once in their present place?” This was certainly not the case. We have seen that all clues show a difference of up to eighteen degrees towards the continent of Greenland. There is no doubt that the North Pole should have been located somewhere on this continent 12'000 years ago without being able to determine an exact location at this time. What we do know, on the other hand, is that there is among the clues a great climate difference that occurred rapidly on the side of Siberia. We can estimate that the move of eighteen degrees to the opposite direction should have taken place there too, ie away from Greenland towards Siberia.

Taking a map of the Earth, seen from the North Pole, we can see that opposite side of Siberia are the longitudes 20°to 50° West on the side of Greenland, which corresponds to a longitude of 130° to 160° East on the side of Siberia. To find the possible latitude of the North Pole of 12'000 years ago, we must deduct the difference of these eight-teen degrees of 90° (top most latitude) from the North Pole today, making up a latitude of about 72° North compared to the current position. With a little margin we can admit that the North Pole should have been located in a square bounded by the latitudes 65° to 80° North and the longitudes 20° to 50° West.

What is curious to note is that the center of the ice cap was actually in this square.

Earth seen from the North Pole today.

By inspecting the distance between the center of the Greenland ice cap and the current North Pole, we can see that the distance between the North Pole and Siberia, where we have found most of the frozen mammoths, has been lessened to half. If we remember the sudden increase in temperature, about twenty degrees of Greenland 12'000 years ago, we can draw the conclusion that Siberia would have suffered a sudden drop in temperature of at least the same magnitude. Such a temperature drop can be explained only if Siberia had been moved 1'500 km further north. The time difference may be explained by the difference in mass. It takes just a few hours to freeze a mammoth, but we have to, thawing a layer of ice several kilometers thick, obviously wait a little longer, a hundred years perhaps?